Improvement in lathes for turning irregular forms



C. H. MORGAN.

Lathes for Turning Irregular Forms.

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UNITED STATES- CHARLES H. MORGAN, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO IMPROVEMENT INLATHS FOR TURNING IRREGULAR FORMS.

Specilication forming part of Letters Patent No.148,895, dated March 24,1874; application led February 12, 1874.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES H. MORGAN, ofCleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented acertain new and Improved Lathe, of which the following is a full andcomplete description, reference being had to the accompanying drawingsmaking part of this specifica-tion.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the lathe. Fig. 2 is a plan view. Fig. 3is an end view. 4 is a transverse section. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 will bereferred to.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several views.

This invention is a lathe for turning irregular forms or variations inthe number of sides required in a bar of iron, as a two-sided or ovalform, three, four, or more sides on a straight bar, by the employment ofa combination of eccentrics working one Within the other, as herein morefully described.

In the drawings, A represents the bed of the lathe; B O, the head andfoot-blocks; D, the pulleys; and E, the face-plate, all of which are ormay be constructed in the ordinary way, or such modification thereof asmay be suitable for the special purpose of the lathe. H is atool-carriage, and I the toolpost. J is a shaft on which is fittedloosely, so as to slide thereon, an eccentric, K, Fig. 4, which,however, is carried around with the shaft as it revolves, by a featherheld in the groove c, Fig. 2. To the eccentric K is closely fitted aneccentric, L, of which M is the eccentric strap or yoke in which itrevolves. The face of the eccentric L is slightly tapering, so that theeccentric K will crowd or wedge thereon on being forced on by the nut orcollar N itted to the eccentric L. To the eccentric L is looselyattached the carriage H, by means of the standard O and collar P. To thetool-rest Q is pivoted the end of the eccentric-yoke, whereby it ismoved toward and away from the work in the lathe, for a purposepresently shown. R is a cog-wheel made to engage the pinion S foroperating the eccentric.V The relative size of the wheel to the pinionmay be varied according to the number of sides that the article in thelathe is required to have 5 for instance, if the bar A in the lathe isto be turned an oval,

then the relative proportion of the wheel and pinion must be as two toone; if the article is to be turned three or four sided, then the changing of the wheel and pinion must be as three to one or four to one,Svc., as the case may be.

The above-described lathe is especially ir.- tended to turn taps forthreading nuts, though it is equally well adapted to turn otherirregular or Hat-sided work having length and a uniform thickness as abar of iron.

The operation of the lathe is thus: A piece of round iron, A', iscentered and hung on the centers of the lathe in the usual way. I f saidpiece of iron is to be turned of an oval or twosided, as shown in Fig.7, the relation of the wheel R to the pinion must be as two to one,causing the pinion to make two revolutions to one of the wheel.

The relation of the eccentric K to the eccentric L, when the mark b andc, Fig. 4, are together, is such as to cause no vibration of thetool-rest, for the reason that the shaft will be in the center of theeccentric K. N ow, the distance that the tool will be required to moveback from and toward the work will depend on the size of the bar or theamount to be turned off from the sides of it. This is regulated by thethrow of the eccentric, which may be shortened or lengthened by turningthe eccentric L more or less in the eccentric K away from the zero-markc.

The eccentrics, on being properly adjusted for the movement of the tool,and the wheel and pinion having a relation of two to o11e,the work willbe turned with flattened sides or oval, as seen in Fig. 7.

The degree of iatness or the extent of the oval will be in proportion tothe amount cut away from the sides ofthe bar, and that amount will be asthe throw of the eccentric, which, as above said, may be more or less,as the relation the two eccentrics are made to hold in respect to eachother.

This mode of regulating the movement of the tool to the work is easilyeffected by simply loosening the nut or collar N, which will allow theeccentric L to be loosened in the eccentric K, y

and be turned therein, and be tightened again by screwing up the nut,thereby drawing back the tapering eccentric into the outer one K.

In the event the bar or iron in the lathe is required to be turnedthree-sided or four-sided or more, the Wheel and pinion inust have thatrelation to each other in order to obtain the necessary number ofVibrations of the tool-rest to bring the tool to the face of the barduring,` one revolution the number of times that the bar iS to havesides. Thus a Wheel three to one of the pinion will turn a forni likeFig. 6, and a wheel having' a proportion of four to one of the pinionwill give a forni like unto Fig. 5, &c.

That I claim as my invention, and desire to obtain by Letters Patent,is-

The eccentric L, as arranged in relation to the eccentric K and yoke M,for operating` the tool-rest, in combination with the differentialgearing` R S and shaft J, arranged substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

CEAS. H. MORGAN. Vitnesses:

J. H. BURRIDGE, A. F. CORNELL.

